On 2016-10-31 5:41 PM, graham wrote:
> On 10/31/2016 3:24 PM, Dave Smith wrote:
>> On 2016-10-31 4:59 PM, graham wrote:
>>> On 10/31/2016 2:46 PM, Janet wrote:
>>>> In article >,
>>>> says...
>>>>>
>>>>> On 2016-10-31 1:54 PM, Janet wrote:
>>>>>> In article >,
>>>>>> says...
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> If heating destroyed all the harmful bacteria, then it would also
>>>>>>> destroy
>>>>>>> botulism...but it doesn't
>>>>>>
>>>>>> It does.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ...explain that.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs270/en/
>>>>>>
>>>>> Apparently is doesn't. From the article you linked:
>>>>> Though spores of Clostridium botulinum are heat-resistant, the toxin
>>>>> produced by bacteria growing out of the spores under anaerobic
>>>>> conditions is destroyed by boiling (for example, at internal
>>>>> temperature
>>>>> >85°C for five minutes or longer). Therefore, ready-to-eat foods in
>>>>> low
>>>>> oxygen-packaging are more frequently involved in botulism."
>>>>>
>>>>> Heat destroys the toxin but not the spores that produce it.
>>>>
>>>> http://food.unl.edu/clostridium-botulinum
>>>>
>>>> " Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, sporeforming bacteria that
>>>> produces a neurotoxin. The bacteria can exist as a vegetative cell or a
>>>> spore. The spore is the dormant state of the bacteria and can exist
>>>> under conditions where the vegetative cell cannot. When conditions are
>>>> right, the spore will grow into the vegetative cell. When the
>>>> vegetative
>>>> cells grow to high numbers, this bacteria produces the toxin. The
>>>> vegetative cells of Clostridium botulinum are destroyed by heat but the
>>>> spore is very resistant to heat. Temperatures well above 100°C (212°F)
>>>> are needed to destroy the spore. "
>>>>
>>>>
>>> I see that those in a university are unaware of the correct word:
>>> "bacterium"
>>>
>> Those in a university probably don't often see a single bacterium. They
>> tend of be present in large numbers, and in different strains. Hence the
>> use of the plural.
>
> But here they write of a single species.


But not a single bacterium.