> ... butter ...

Spatial biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Iran: a
study using locally produced butter.
Butter is a readily collected, integrative and inexpensive sampling
matrix for the spatial mapping of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
at the national or regional scale. As air-plant-animal transfers
generally supply the POPs reaching butter lipid, this study used
butter for an initial evaluation of the occurrence, levels and
distribution of POPs (selected organochlorine pesticides and PCBs) in
Iran, a country for which very little information on usage, emissions
and environmental burdens of these compounds exists. Fifty samples
from rural and urban areas, in the north, west and central regions of
the country were collected from local farms in spring 2007.
Concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE varied widely by a factor of
approximately 1000 and approximately 370 (8450 pg g(-1) lipid and 46
800 pg g(-1) lipid on average). The highest levels, found mainly in
urban areas in the centre of the country, were amongst the highest
reported in the world. PCB concentrations (4320 pg g(-1) lipid on
average) varied by a factor of approximately 160 and were highest
close to urban centres and lowest in the rural northwest. Although
Iran is not known for widespread PCB usage in the past, concentrations
were higher than a 'global average' reported in a butter survey in
2001. This simple sampling approach could be adopted in other regions
where cows graze, as part of an initial screening to help meet
obligations under the Stockholm Convention. PMID: 18688454


Monitoring of some organochlorine pesticide residues of butter in
Konya, Turkey.
Some organochlorine pesticide residues were investigated in the
samples of all local commercial butter brands sold in the supermarket
in Konya (Turkey). Some of the samples were found to have the DDT
complex (DDT, DDD, DDE and isomers), total HCH complex (alpha-HCH,
beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), aldrin, dieldrin and endosulfan (I and II).
Nearly 94% of the butter samples were found to be contaminated. Endrin
and heptachlorine were detected in three and two samples,
respectively, while 87% of samples were contaminated by one or more
HCH isomers. 78% of the organochlorine pesticide was DDT and/or its
metabolites. These results confirmed that butters sold in Konya
presented organochlorine pesticide residues indicating a human
exposure. PMID: 16334269


Monitoring of butter and ghee (clarified butter fat) for pesticidal
contamination from cotton belt of Haryana, India.
Butter (45) and ghee (55) samples were collected from rural and urban
areas of cotton growing belt of Haryana and analysed for detecting the
residues of organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate
insecticides. The estimation was carried out by using multi residue
analytical technique employing GC-ECD and GC-NPD systems equipped with
capillary columns. Butter samples were comparatively more contaminated
(97%) than ghee (94%), showing more contamination with organochlorine
insecticides from urban samples. About 11% samples of butter showed
endosulfan residues above minimum residue limit (MRL) value and 2%
samples had residues of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates
each above their respective MRL values. In ghee, residues of HCH & DDT
both and of endosulfan exceeded the MRL values in 5 and 20% samples,
respectively. Among organophosphates, only chlorpyriphos was detected
with 9% samples showing its residue above MRL value. Irrespective of
contamination levels, residues above the MRL values were more in ghee.
More extensive study covering other agricultural regions/zones of
Haryana has been suggested to know the overall scenario of
contamination of milk products. PMID: 15952515


Contamination of liquid milk and butter with pesticide residues in the
Ludhiana district of Punjab state, India.
An analysis of 92 samples of liquid milk from Ludhiana, India, during
1999-2001 revealed the presence of DDT in 6 (7.4%) samples and of
these 2 samples were found to exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL)
of DDT fixed at 0.05 mg kg(-1) (on a whole milk basis). HCH residues
were detected in 49 (53.3%) samples and constituted only gamma-HCH
(lindane). The MRL of lindane is fixed at 0.01 mg kg(-1) (whole milk
basis), and all 49 liquid milk samples exceeded this value. These
results are indicative of contamination of bovine milk with pesticide
residues as a result of the ban on the use of DDT and HCH in
agriculture and public health programs. Similarly, analysis of 40
samples of butter showed the presence of DDT and HCH in 28 and 8
samples, respectively. However, none of the samples exceeded the MRL
value of either DDT or any isomer of HCH. DDT residues comprised
mainly p,p-DDE and p,p-TDE, whereas HCH residues were present as
lindane in 6 samples, and 2 samples revealed the presence of beta-HCH.
The estimated daily intake of lindane through the consumption of
contaminated liquid milk exceeded its acceptable daily intake value
for children. Interestingly, none of the liquid milk or butter samples
revealed the presence of any commonly used organophosphorus or
synthetic pyrethroid insecticides at their detection limit of 0.01 mg
kg(-1). PMID: 15388272


Persistent organochlorine pesticides in Mexican butter.
Organochlorine pesticides have been used in Mexico in malaria control
programmes against ectoparasites and as seed dresser. Owing to their
chemical stability, they tend to accumulate in the lipid part of the
organisms. The stored pesticides are excreted with the endogenous fat
during milk production. The aim was to monitor the organochlorine
pesticide levels in butter manufactured in Mexico. .... The decreased
DDT levels in Mexican butters is caused by the substitution of
organochlorine insecticides with pyrethroids used by the Mexican
Ministry of Health since 1999 in sanitary programmes. PMID: 12775478


The global distribution of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in
butter.
In this study we explored the use of butter as a sampling matrix to
reflect the regional and global scale distribution of PCBs and
selected organochlorine pesticides/metabolites in air. This was
because persistent organic pollutants (POPs) concentrate in dairy
fats, where concentrations are controlled by feed intake (primarily
from pasture/silage), which is in turn primarily controlled by
atmospheric deposition. Butter sigmaPCB concentrations varied by a
factor of approximately 60 in 63 samples from 23 countries. They were
highest in European and North American butter and lowest in southern
hemisphere (Australian, New Zealand) samples, consistent with known
patterns of historical global usage and estimated emissions.
Concentrations in butter reflected differences in the propensity of
PCB congeners to undergo long range atmospheric transport from global
source regions to remote areas and the relatively even distribution of
HCB in the global atmosphere. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE,
and HCH isomers all varied over many orders of magnitude in the butter
samples, with highest levels in areas of current use (e.g. India and
south/central America for DDT; India, China, and Spain for HCH). We
conclude that butter is sensitive to local, regional, and global scale
spatial and temporal atmospheric trends of many POPs and may therefore
provide a useful sampling medium for monitoring purposes. However, to
improve the quantitative information derived on air concentrations
requires an awareness of climatic and livestock management factors
which influence air-milk fat transfer processes.
PMID: 11347908


Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in fatty foods of the
Canadian diet.
Market basket samples representative of food from six Canadian cities
were surveyed from 1992 to 1996. Fifty composites of fatty foods,
prepared for consumption were analysed for 40 PCB congeners by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fish and butter contained the
highest total PCB concentrations, while milk and infant foods
contained the lowest. The dairy and meat composites were major
contributors to the total PCB intake of 5.7 ng/kg/day, and to the TEQ
(2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin equivalent) intake of 0.11 pg/kg/
day. The pattern of congeners was similar for the different food
groups with the exception of fish, which contained less tri- and tetra-
chlorinated biphenyls and more of the hexachlorinated congener No.
153. PMID: 9534869

For more related abstracts, search www.pubmed.com for "butter TCDD",
"butter dioxin", "butter pesticide".

"jay" > wrote in message
...
>> ... butter ...
>
> Spatial biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Iran: a
> study using locally produced butter.
> Butter is a readily collected, integrative and inexpensive sampling
> matrix for the spatial mapping of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
> at the national or regional scale. As air-plant-animal transfers
> generally supply the POPs reaching butter lipid, this study used
> butter for an initial evaluation of the occurrence, levels and
> distribution of POPs (selected organochlorine pesticides and PCBs) in
> Iran, a country for which very little information on usage, emissions
> and environmental burdens of these compounds exists. Fifty samples
> from rural and urban areas, in the north, west and central regions of
> the country were collected from local farms in spring 2007.
> Concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE varied widely by a factor of
> approximately 1000 and approximately 370 (8450 pg g(-1) lipid and 46
> 800 pg g(-1) lipid on average). The highest levels, found mainly in
> urban areas in the centre of the country, were amongst the highest
> reported in the world. PCB concentrations (4320 pg g(-1) lipid on
> average) varied by a factor of approximately 160 and were highest
> close to urban centres and lowest in the rural northwest. Although
> Iran is not known for widespread PCB usage in the past, concentrations
> were higher than a 'global average' reported in a butter survey in
> 2001. This simple sampling approach could be adopted in other regions
> where cows graze, as part of an initial screening to help meet
> obligations under the Stockholm Convention. PMID: 18688454
>
>
> Monitoring of some organochlorine pesticide residues of butter in
> Konya, Turkey.
> Some organochlorine pesticide residues were investigated in the
> samples of all local commercial butter brands sold in the supermarket
> in Konya (Turkey). Some of the samples were found to have the DDT
> complex (DDT, DDD, DDE and isomers), total HCH complex (alpha-HCH,
> beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), aldrin, dieldrin and endosulfan (I and II).
> Nearly 94% of the butter samples were found to be contaminated. Endrin
> and heptachlorine were detected in three and two samples,
> respectively, while 87% of samples were contaminated by one or more
> HCH isomers. 78% of the organochlorine pesticide was DDT and/or its
> metabolites. These results confirmed that butters sold in Konya
> presented organochlorine pesticide residues indicating a human
> exposure. PMID: 16334269
>
>
> Monitoring of butter and ghee (clarified butter fat) for pesticidal
> contamination from cotton belt of Haryana, India.
> Butter (45) and ghee (55) samples were collected from rural and urban
> areas of cotton growing belt of Haryana and analysed for detecting the
> residues of organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate
> insecticides. The estimation was carried out by using multi residue
> analytical technique employing GC-ECD and GC-NPD systems equipped with
> capillary columns. Butter samples were comparatively more contaminated
> (97%) than ghee (94%), showing more contamination with organochlorine
> insecticides from urban samples. About 11% samples of butter showed
> endosulfan residues above minimum residue limit (MRL) value and 2%
> samples had residues of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates
> each above their respective MRL values. In ghee, residues of HCH & DDT
> both and of endosulfan exceeded the MRL values in 5 and 20% samples,
> respectively. Among organophosphates, only chlorpyriphos was detected
> with 9% samples showing its residue above MRL value. Irrespective of
> contamination levels, residues above the MRL values were more in ghee.
> More extensive study covering other agricultural regions/zones of
> Haryana has been suggested to know the overall scenario of
> contamination of milk products. PMID: 15952515
>
>
> Contamination of liquid milk and butter with pesticide residues in the
> Ludhiana district of Punjab state, India.
> An analysis of 92 samples of liquid milk from Ludhiana, India, during
> 1999-2001 revealed the presence of DDT in 6 (7.4%) samples and of
> these 2 samples were found to exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL)
> of DDT fixed at 0.05 mg kg(-1) (on a whole milk basis). HCH residues
> were detected in 49 (53.3%) samples and constituted only gamma-HCH
> (lindane). The MRL of lindane is fixed at 0.01 mg kg(-1) (whole milk
> basis), and all 49 liquid milk samples exceeded this value. These
> results are indicative of contamination of bovine milk with pesticide
> residues as a result of the ban on the use of DDT and HCH in
> agriculture and public health programs. Similarly, analysis of 40
> samples of butter showed the presence of DDT and HCH in 28 and 8
> samples, respectively. However, none of the samples exceeded the MRL
> value of either DDT or any isomer of HCH. DDT residues comprised
> mainly p,p-DDE and p,p-TDE, whereas HCH residues were present as
> lindane in 6 samples, and 2 samples revealed the presence of beta-HCH.
> The estimated daily intake of lindane through the consumption of
> contaminated liquid milk exceeded its acceptable daily intake value
> for children. Interestingly, none of the liquid milk or butter samples
> revealed the presence of any commonly used organophosphorus or
> synthetic pyrethroid insecticides at their detection limit of 0.01 mg
> kg(-1). PMID: 15388272
>
>
> Persistent organochlorine pesticides in Mexican butter.
> Organochlorine pesticides have been used in Mexico in malaria control
> programmes against ectoparasites and as seed dresser. Owing to their
> chemical stability, they tend to accumulate in the lipid part of the
> organisms. The stored pesticides are excreted with the endogenous fat
> during milk production. The aim was to monitor the organochlorine
> pesticide levels in butter manufactured in Mexico. .... The decreased
> DDT levels in Mexican butters is caused by the substitution of
> organochlorine insecticides with pyrethroids used by the Mexican
> Ministry of Health since 1999 in sanitary programmes. PMID: 12775478
>
>
> The global distribution of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in
> butter.
> In this study we explored the use of butter as a sampling matrix to
> reflect the regional and global scale distribution of PCBs and
> selected organochlorine pesticides/metabolites in air. This was
> because persistent organic pollutants (POPs) concentrate in dairy
> fats, where concentrations are controlled by feed intake (primarily
> from pasture/silage), which is in turn primarily controlled by
> atmospheric deposition. Butter sigmaPCB concentrations varied by a
> factor of approximately 60 in 63 samples from 23 countries. They were
> highest in European and North American butter and lowest in southern
> hemisphere (Australian, New Zealand) samples, consistent with known
> patterns of historical global usage and estimated emissions.
> Concentrations in butter reflected differences in the propensity of
> PCB congeners to undergo long range atmospheric transport from global
> source regions to remote areas and the relatively even distribution of
> HCB in the global atmosphere. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE,
> and HCH isomers all varied over many orders of magnitude in the butter
> samples, with highest levels in areas of current use (e.g. India and
> south/central America for DDT; India, China, and Spain for HCH). We
> conclude that butter is sensitive to local, regional, and global scale
> spatial and temporal atmospheric trends of many POPs and may therefore
> provide a useful sampling medium for monitoring purposes. However, to
> improve the quantitative information derived on air concentrations
> requires an awareness of climatic and livestock management factors
> which influence air-milk fat transfer processes.
> PMID: 11347908
>
>
> Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in fatty foods of the
> Canadian diet.
> Market basket samples representative of food from six Canadian cities
> were surveyed from 1992 to 1996. Fifty composites of fatty foods,
> prepared for consumption were analysed for 40 PCB congeners by gas
> chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fish and butter contained the
> highest total PCB concentrations, while milk and infant foods
> contained the lowest. The dairy and meat composites were major
> contributors to the total PCB intake of 5.7 ng/kg/day, and to the TEQ
> (2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin equivalent) intake of 0.11 pg/kg/
> day. The pattern of congeners was similar for the different food
> groups with the exception of fish, which contained less tri- and tetra-
> chlorinated biphenyls and more of the hexachlorinated congener No.
> 153. PMID: 9534869
>
> For more related abstracts, search www.pubmed.com for "butter TCDD",
> "butter dioxin", "butter pesticide".



As reliable info as one would get from the Pharma industry.

"jay" > wrote in message
...
>> ... butter ...
>
> Spatial biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Iran: a
> study using locally produced butter.
> Butter is a readily collected, integrative and inexpensive sampling
> matrix for the spatial mapping of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
> at the national or regional scale. As air-plant-animal transfers
> generally supply the POPs reaching butter lipid, this study used
> butter for an initial evaluation of the occurrence, levels and
> distribution of POPs (selected organochlorine pesticides and PCBs) in
> Iran, a country for which very little information on usage, emissions
> and environmental burdens of these compounds exists. Fifty samples
> from rural and urban areas, in the north, west and central regions of
> the country were collected from local farms in spring 2007.
> Concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE varied widely by a factor of
> approximately 1000 and approximately 370 (8450 pg g(-1) lipid and 46
> 800 pg g(-1) lipid on average). The highest levels, found mainly in
> urban areas in the centre of the country, were amongst the highest
> reported in the world. PCB concentrations (4320 pg g(-1) lipid on
> average) varied by a factor of approximately 160 and were highest
> close to urban centres and lowest in the rural northwest. Although
> Iran is not known for widespread PCB usage in the past, concentrations
> were higher than a 'global average' reported in a butter survey in
> 2001. This simple sampling approach could be adopted in other regions
> where cows graze, as part of an initial screening to help meet
> obligations under the Stockholm Convention. PMID: 18688454
>
>
> Monitoring of some organochlorine pesticide residues of butter in
> Konya, Turkey.
> Some organochlorine pesticide residues were investigated in the
> samples of all local commercial butter brands sold in the supermarket
> in Konya (Turkey). Some of the samples were found to have the DDT
> complex (DDT, DDD, DDE and isomers), total HCH complex (alpha-HCH,
> beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), aldrin, dieldrin and endosulfan (I and II).
> Nearly 94% of the butter samples were found to be contaminated. Endrin
> and heptachlorine were detected in three and two samples,
> respectively, while 87% of samples were contaminated by one or more
> HCH isomers. 78% of the organochlorine pesticide was DDT and/or its
> metabolites. These results confirmed that butters sold in Konya
> presented organochlorine pesticide residues indicating a human
> exposure. PMID: 16334269
>
>
> Monitoring of butter and ghee (clarified butter fat) for pesticidal
> contamination from cotton belt of Haryana, India.
> Butter (45) and ghee (55) samples were collected from rural and urban
> areas of cotton growing belt of Haryana and analysed for detecting the
> residues of organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate
> insecticides. The estimation was carried out by using multi residue
> analytical technique employing GC-ECD and GC-NPD systems equipped with
> capillary columns. Butter samples were comparatively more contaminated
> (97%) than ghee (94%), showing more contamination with organochlorine
> insecticides from urban samples. About 11% samples of butter showed
> endosulfan residues above minimum residue limit (MRL) value and 2%
> samples had residues of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates
> each above their respective MRL values. In ghee, residues of HCH & DDT
> both and of endosulfan exceeded the MRL values in 5 and 20% samples,
> respectively. Among organophosphates, only chlorpyriphos was detected
> with 9% samples showing its residue above MRL value. Irrespective of
> contamination levels, residues above the MRL values were more in ghee.
> More extensive study covering other agricultural regions/zones of
> Haryana has been suggested to know the overall scenario of
> contamination of milk products. PMID: 15952515
>
>
> Contamination of liquid milk and butter with pesticide residues in the
> Ludhiana district of Punjab state, India.
> An analysis of 92 samples of liquid milk from Ludhiana, India, during
> 1999-2001 revealed the presence of DDT in 6 (7.4%) samples and of
> these 2 samples were found to exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL)
> of DDT fixed at 0.05 mg kg(-1) (on a whole milk basis). HCH residues
> were detected in 49 (53.3%) samples and constituted only gamma-HCH
> (lindane). The MRL of lindane is fixed at 0.01 mg kg(-1) (whole milk
> basis), and all 49 liquid milk samples exceeded this value. These
> results are indicative of contamination of bovine milk with pesticide
> residues as a result of the ban on the use of DDT and HCH in
> agriculture and public health programs. Similarly, analysis of 40
> samples of butter showed the presence of DDT and HCH in 28 and 8
> samples, respectively. However, none of the samples exceeded the MRL
> value of either DDT or any isomer of HCH. DDT residues comprised
> mainly p,p-DDE and p,p-TDE, whereas HCH residues were present as
> lindane in 6 samples, and 2 samples revealed the presence of beta-HCH.
> The estimated daily intake of lindane through the consumption of
> contaminated liquid milk exceeded its acceptable daily intake value
> for children. Interestingly, none of the liquid milk or butter samples
> revealed the presence of any commonly used organophosphorus or
> synthetic pyrethroid insecticides at their detection limit of 0.01 mg
> kg(-1). PMID: 15388272
>
>
> Persistent organochlorine pesticides in Mexican butter.
> Organochlorine pesticides have been used in Mexico in malaria control
> programmes against ectoparasites and as seed dresser. Owing to their
> chemical stability, they tend to accumulate in the lipid part of the
> organisms. The stored pesticides are excreted with the endogenous fat
> during milk production. The aim was to monitor the organochlorine
> pesticide levels in butter manufactured in Mexico. .... The decreased
> DDT levels in Mexican butters is caused by the substitution of
> organochlorine insecticides with pyrethroids used by the Mexican
> Ministry of Health since 1999 in sanitary programmes. PMID: 12775478
>
>
> The global distribution of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in
> butter.
> In this study we explored the use of butter as a sampling matrix to
> reflect the regional and global scale distribution of PCBs and
> selected organochlorine pesticides/metabolites in air. This was
> because persistent organic pollutants (POPs) concentrate in dairy
> fats, where concentrations are controlled by feed intake (primarily
> from pasture/silage), which is in turn primarily controlled by
> atmospheric deposition. Butter sigmaPCB concentrations varied by a
> factor of approximately 60 in 63 samples from 23 countries. They were
> highest in European and North American butter and lowest in southern
> hemisphere (Australian, New Zealand) samples, consistent with known
> patterns of historical global usage and estimated emissions.
> Concentrations in butter reflected differences in the propensity of
> PCB congeners to undergo long range atmospheric transport from global
> source regions to remote areas and the relatively even distribution of
> HCB in the global atmosphere. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE,
> and HCH isomers all varied over many orders of magnitude in the butter
> samples, with highest levels in areas of current use (e.g. India and
> south/central America for DDT; India, China, and Spain for HCH). We
> conclude that butter is sensitive to local, regional, and global scale
> spatial and temporal atmospheric trends of many POPs and may therefore
> provide a useful sampling medium for monitoring purposes. However, to
> improve the quantitative information derived on air concentrations
> requires an awareness of climatic and livestock management factors
> which influence air-milk fat transfer processes.
> PMID: 11347908
>
>
> Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in fatty foods of the
> Canadian diet.
> Market basket samples representative of food from six Canadian cities
> were surveyed from 1992 to 1996. Fifty composites of fatty foods,
> prepared for consumption were analysed for 40 PCB congeners by gas
> chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fish and butter contained the
> highest total PCB concentrations, while milk and infant foods
> contained the lowest. The dairy and meat composites were major
> contributors to the total PCB intake of 5.7 ng/kg/day, and to the TEQ
> (2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin equivalent) intake of 0.11 pg/kg/
> day. The pattern of congeners was similar for the different food
> groups with the exception of fish, which contained less tri- and tetra-
> chlorinated biphenyls and more of the hexachlorinated congener No.
> 153. PMID: 9534869
>
> For more related abstracts, search www.pubmed.com for "butter TCDD",
> "butter dioxin", "butter pesticide".

No Shit!

Dimitri