I bought a couple of stalks of lemongrass at the grocery store last
week and stuck one into some potting soil.
One week later. Yippiee!!!!!!!!!!!!
http://i25.tinypic.com/20h6ljm.jpg

I snipped some off some of the top, chopped it up, and put it in the
butter that I cooked my halibut in last night.
http://i32.tinypic.com/2hg71oy.jpg

It was so deliciously good. Just a hint of the lemongrass in the
background. That was the only seasoning I used.
http://i28.tinypic.com/2hgbo2g.jpg

koko
--

There is no love more sincere than the love of food
George Bernard Shaw
www.kokoscorner.typepad.com
updated 07/05

koko wrote:
> I bought a couple of stalks of lemongrass at the grocery store last
> week and stuck one into some potting soil.
> One week later. Yippiee!!!!!!!!!!!!
> http://i25.tinypic.com/20h6ljm.jpg
>
> I snipped some off some of the top, chopped it up, and put it in the
> butter that I cooked my halibut in last night.
> http://i32.tinypic.com/2hg71oy.jpg
>
> It was so deliciously good. Just a hint of the lemongrass in the
> background. That was the only seasoning I used.
> http://i28.tinypic.com/2hgbo2g.jpg
>
> koko
> --
>
> There is no love more sincere than the love of food
> George Bernard Shaw
> www.kokoscorner.typepad.com
> updated 07/05
>

Koko, that is how I got my lemongrass. My Vietnamese friend bought
lemongrass at the Hong Kong Market and planted it in her back yard. It
grew, so she dug some up and gave it to me. Plant your lemongrass
outdoors, it will get huge. Congrats!


Becca

I have tried growing lemongrass in pots here in France for 3 years and
can't say it has been a great success. If you plant it outside, does
it need sun ? shade ? Lots of water ?

Steve



Plant your lemongrass
> outdoors, it will get huge. Congrats!
>
>
> Becca

Steve Y wrote:
> I have tried growing lemongrass in pots here in France for 3 years and
> can't say it has been a great success. If you plant it outside, does
> it need sun ? shade ? Lots of water ?
>
> Steve
>

Semi Sheltered position and LOTS of water in your Summer
not knowing which part of France you are in .

Here is a snippet about growing in South Australia
Which has a semi Mediterranean climate and can be very cold in Winter

Quote
Lemon grass grows in a bushy clump and has long narrow pale green
leaves. It is actually a native of Asia but only recently it has become
very popular in European cuisine.
It can be easily propagated by division and when you pick the Lemon
Grass to use in cooking or teas, cut off the bottom part leaving just
the roots - put this piece into a glass of water and it will shoot very
quickly. You can then replant it and this will ensure that you always
have Lemon Grass in your garden.
Growing a clump of Lemon Grass in the vegetable garden has a good
influence on all the plants around it and the vegetables will be much
more flavoursome. Cut back the old leaves in early Spring to strengthen
the bush as well as tidy it up. Lemon Grass grows well in all seasons in
South Australia but it does like regular watering in summer. It will
flourish best in a sheltered position. The leaves can be picked at any
time of the year and the stems can be used fresh or dried. It is a very
popular ingredient in many Asian dishes and in Thailand it is called
Akrai. The tips, the tender shoots and the leaves are all used whole and
then discarded just before serving. Put a handful of the leaves into the
saucepan when steaming or simmering chicken or fish to give a delicate
but delicious taste of lemon. It can be used in many dishes as a
substitute for lemon.
Medicinally Lemon Grass can be drunk as a tea as it has a tonic effect
on the kidneys. If you have a fever the tea can be taken either hot or
cold and iced Lemon Grass tea in summer is extremely refreshing. It is
good for the skin as the oil contains Vitamin A. For an invigorating
bath add a few drops of Lemon Grass oil to your bathwater. Teenagers
with skin problems will benefit by drinking the tea regularly and it
will also give eyes a bright clear look as well.
Certainly an easy plant to grow in your garden and lots of benefits as well.
End of Quote

Perhaps before planting have some in a BIG pot as it grows rather
well and sit the pot where you would like it and see how it goes

If it thrives in the pot and spot then plant into soil

Good luck with it
It even grows well here High 40 C in Summer and VERY dry climate
Cold winters - 3 the other night and frosts

Ours is still going strong so it is a pretty hardy plant if it grows here.

>
>
> Plant your lemongrass
>> outdoors, it will get huge. Congrats!
>>
>>
>> Becca

On Sun, 12 Jul 2009 15:12:33 -0500, Becca > wrote:

>koko wrote:
>> I bought a couple of stalks of lemongrass at the grocery store last
>> week and stuck one into some potting soil.
>> One week later. Yippiee!!!!!!!!!!!!
>> http://i25.tinypic.com/20h6ljm.jpg

snippage
>
>Koko, that is how I got my lemongrass. My Vietnamese friend bought
>lemongrass at the Hong Kong Market and planted it in her back yard. It
>grew, so she dug some up and gave it to me. Plant your lemongrass
>outdoors, it will get huge. Congrats!
>
>
>Becca

I was surprised that it started growing virtually overnight.
I'd love to plant it outside. I'll need to get the chicken wire out so
the rabbits will leave it alone. Wascally little varments.

koko
--

There is no love more sincere than the love of food
George Bernard Shaw
www.kokoscorner.typepad.com
updated 07/05

On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 05:11:55 +0800, "Phil..c" <invalid@invalid> wrote:

>It even grows well here High 40 C in Summer and VERY dry climate
>Cold winters - 3 the other night and frosts
>
>Ours is still going strong so it is a pretty hardy plant if it grows here.

Wow! It can take quite a range of temperatures. I figured it was too
dry and cold here for lemon grass. Maybe not.

--
I love cooking with wine.
Sometimes I even put it in the food.

koko > wrote in news:jork5559asoq86n2m0ueoos7proa1880gd@
4ax.com:


>
> I was surprised that it started growing virtually overnight.
> I'd love to plant it outside. I'll need to get the chicken wire out so
> the rabbits will leave it alone. Wascally little varments.
>


Here's a thought........ chicken wire it till it's nice and big, then take
off the wire and let the wabbits at it for a week or so, then shoot the
varmits..... lemongrass flavoured rabbit for dinner!!


Q. What's a wok???


A. It's what you throw at wabbits.



:-)



--
Peter Lucas
Brisbane
Australia

Killfile all Google Groups posters.........

http://improve-usenet.org/

http://improve-usenet.org/filters_bg.html

koko > wrote in news:a2rj55t2ggpbkj9scbtnhrm2med91t2mq6@
4ax.com:

>
> I bought a couple of stalks of lemongrass at the grocery store last
> week and stuck one into some potting soil.
> One week later. Yippiee!!!!!!!!!!!!
> http://i25.tinypic.com/20h6ljm.jpg



Yep, it's like a weed!!

I used to have a place that had 3 huge bushes of it in the back yard. I
had to burn them off every couple of months..... and they just kept
growing, and growing, and growing!!

I gave some 'cuttings' to some friends, they planted them, ended up with
huge bushes of it, now they've dug them up and broken the bushes up and
planted them all over their property...... and they want to give some back
to me!!

I'll just go around to their place and grab some as I need it :-)


>
> I snipped some off some of the top, chopped it up, and put it in the
> butter that I cooked my halibut in last night.
> http://i32.tinypic.com/2hg71oy.jpg
>
> It was so deliciously good. Just a hint of the lemongrass in the
> background. That was the only seasoning I used.
> http://i28.tinypic.com/2hgbo2g.jpg
>


Damn!! Looks good. (The food, as well as the pics, as usual!!)

Now, with a freezer full of tenderloin....... I feel like a nice bit of
fish for dinner. Bugger!!

:-)


--
Peter Lucas
Brisbane
Australia

Killfile all Google Groups posters.........

http://improve-usenet.org/

http://improve-usenet.org/filters_bg.html

On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 01:24:09 +0000 (UTC), PeterL >
wrote:

>koko > wrote in news:a2rj55t2ggpbkj9scbtnhrm2med91t2mq6@
>4ax.com:
>
>>
>> I bought a couple of stalks of lemongrass at the grocery store last
>> week and stuck one into some potting soil.
>> One week later. Yippiee!!!!!!!!!!!!
>> http://i25.tinypic.com/20h6ljm.jpg
>
>
>
>Yep, it's like a weed!!
>
>I used to have a place that had 3 huge bushes of it in the back yard. I
>had to burn them off every couple of months..... and they just kept
>growing, and growing, and growing!!
>
>I gave some 'cuttings' to some friends, they planted them, ended up with
>huge bushes of it, now they've dug them up and broken the bushes up and
>planted them all over their property...... and they want to give some back
>to me!!
>
>I'll just go around to their place and grab some as I need it :-)
>
I hope I have as much success.

>>
>> I snipped some off some of the top, chopped it up, and put it in the
>> butter that I cooked my halibut in last night.
>> http://i32.tinypic.com/2hg71oy.jpg
>>
>> It was so deliciously good. Just a hint of the lemongrass in the
>> background. That was the only seasoning I used.
>> http://i28.tinypic.com/2hgbo2g.jpg
>>
>
>
>Damn!! Looks good. (The food, as well as the pics, as usual!!)
Thanks PeterL I appreciate that.
>
>Now, with a freezer full of tenderloin....... I feel like a nice bit of
>fish for dinner. Bugger!!
>
> :-)
Lol. Isn't that how it typically goes. I usually change my dinner
plans three times if I read the group before dinner time.

koko
--

There is no love more sincere than the love of food
George Bernard Shaw
www.kokoscorner.typepad.com
updated 07/05

koko > wrote in news:qd4l55p2bneos0sfnfdaflfftg43eoh4a0@
4ax.com:

> On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 01:24:09 +0000 (UTC), PeterL >
> wrote:
>
>>koko > wrote in
news:a2rj55t2ggpbkj9scbtnhrm2med91t2mq6@
>>4ax.com:
>>
>>>
>>> I bought a couple of stalks of lemongrass at the grocery store last
>>> week and stuck one into some potting soil.
>>> One week later. Yippiee!!!!!!!!!!!!
>>> http://i25.tinypic.com/20h6ljm.jpg
>>
>>
>>
>>Yep, it's like a weed!!
>>
>>I used to have a place that had 3 huge bushes of it in the back yard. I
>>had to burn them off every couple of months..... and they just kept
>>growing, and growing, and growing!!
>>
>>I gave some 'cuttings' to some friends, they planted them, ended up with
>>huge bushes of it, now they've dug them up and broken the bushes up and
>>planted them all over their property...... and they want to give some
back
>>to me!!
>>
>>I'll just go around to their place and grab some as I need it :-)
>>
> I hope I have as much success.



I'd start sourcing every recipe that has lemongrass in it, if I was you
:-)


>
>>>
>>> I snipped some off some of the top, chopped it up, and put it in the
>>> butter that I cooked my halibut in last night.
>>> http://i32.tinypic.com/2hg71oy.jpg
>>>
>>> It was so deliciously good. Just a hint of the lemongrass in the
>>> background. That was the only seasoning I used.
>>> http://i28.tinypic.com/2hgbo2g.jpg
>>>
>>
>>
>>Damn!! Looks good. (The food, as well as the pics, as usual!!)
> Thanks PeterL I appreciate that.


What sort of camera are you using?

(BTW, I've changed my name back to just plain ol' Peter :-)


>>
>>Now, with a freezer full of tenderloin....... I feel like a nice bit of
>>fish for dinner. Bugger!!
>>
>> :-)
> Lol. Isn't that how it typically goes. I usually change my dinner
> plans three times if I read the group before dinner time.
>


Subliminal manipulation!!


I'm going down the shops now, to buy some fish :-)

--
Peter Lucas
Brisbane
Australia

Killfile all Google Groups posters.........

http://improve-usenet.org/

http://improve-usenet.org/filters_bg.html

On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 03:51:53 +0000 (UTC), Peter >
wrote:

>koko > wrote in news:qd4l55p2bneos0sfnfdaflfftg43eoh4a0@
>4ax.com:
>
>> On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 01:24:09 +0000 (UTC), PeterL >
>> wrote:
>>
>>>koko > wrote in
>news:a2rj55t2ggpbkj9scbtnhrm2med91t2mq6@
>>>4ax.com:
>>>
>>>>
>>>> I bought a couple of stalks of lemongrass at the grocery store last
>>>> week and stuck one into some potting soil.
>>>> One week later. Yippiee!!!!!!!!!!!!
>>>> http://i25.tinypic.com/20h6ljm.jpg
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Yep, it's like a weed!!
>>>
>>>I used to have a place that had 3 huge bushes of it in the back yard. I
>>>had to burn them off every couple of months..... and they just kept
>>>growing, and growing, and growing!!
>>>
>>>I gave some 'cuttings' to some friends, they planted them, ended up with
>>>huge bushes of it, now they've dug them up and broken the bushes up and
>>>planted them all over their property...... and they want to give some
>back
>>>to me!!
>>>
>>>I'll just go around to their place and grab some as I need it :-)
>>>
>> I hope I have as much success.
>
>
>
>I'd start sourcing every recipe that has lemongrass in it, if I was you
>:-)
>
>
>>
>>>>
>>>> I snipped some off some of the top, chopped it up, and put it in the
>>>> butter that I cooked my halibut in last night.
>>>> http://i32.tinypic.com/2hg71oy.jpg
>>>>
>>>> It was so deliciously good. Just a hint of the lemongrass in the
>>>> background. That was the only seasoning I used.
>>>> http://i28.tinypic.com/2hgbo2g.jpg
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Damn!! Looks good. (The food, as well as the pics, as usual!!)
>> Thanks PeterL I appreciate that.
>
>
>What sort of camera are you using?
Nikon D90
>
>(BTW, I've changed my name back to just plain ol' Peter :-)
Yeah, but PeterL is a lot shorter than "just plain ol' Peter" ;-)
>
>
>>>
>>>Now, with a freezer full of tenderloin....... I feel like a nice bit of
>>>fish for dinner. Bugger!!
>>>
>>> :-)
>> Lol. Isn't that how it typically goes. I usually change my dinner
>> plans three times if I read the group before dinner time.
>>
>
>
>Subliminal manipulation!!
>
>
>I'm going down the shops now, to buy some fish :-)
lol

koko
--

There is no love more sincere than the love of food
George Bernard Shaw
www.kokoscorner.typepad.com
updated 07/05

Phil..c wrote:

> Here is a snippet about growing in South Australia
> Which has a semi Mediterranean climate and can be very cold in Winter

Thanks for the information!

Bob

koko > wrote in news:2jel559lc71jk78s4j8dp1kgpmihtb3515@
4ax.com:


>>>>Damn!! Looks good. (The food, as well as the pics, as usual!!)
>>> Thanks PeterL I appreciate that.
>>
>>
>>What sort of camera are you using?
> Nikon D90


GIMF :-)



>>
>>(BTW, I've changed my name back to just plain ol' Peter :-)
> Yeah, but PeterL is a lot shorter than "just plain ol' Peter" ;-)


The new KokoCave is obviously imparting good vibrations to dem funny bones!!


:-)


--
Peter Lucas
Brisbane
Australia

Killfile all Google Groups posters.........

http://improve-usenet.org/

http://improve-usenet.org/filters_bg.html

koko > wrote in news:2jel559lc71jk78s4j8dp1kgpmihtb3515@
4ax.com:


>>>>Damn!! Looks good. (The food, as well as the pics, as usual!!)
>>> Thanks PeterL I appreciate that.
>>
>>
>>What sort of camera are you using?
> Nikon D90
>>



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVQX1rC-fRA



When my ****y litle Panasonic DMC-TZ1 blows up....... it wants to be a D90.


That's some serious good shit pikcher device you have there!!


--
Peter Lucas
Brisbane
Australia

Killfile all Google Groups posters.........

http://improve-usenet.org/

http://improve-usenet.org/filters_bg.html

Steve Y wrote:
> I have tried growing lemongrass in pots here in France for 3 years and
> can't say it has been a great success. If you plant it outside, does
> it need sun ? shade ? Lots of water ?
>
> Steve

Steve, my lemongrass gets shade in the morning but sun in the
afternoon. It gets about 4' tall.


Becca

On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 11:18:25 -0500, Becca > wrote:

>Steve Y wrote:
>> I have tried growing lemongrass in pots here in France for 3 years and
>> can't say it has been a great success. If you plant it outside, does
>> it need sun ? shade ? Lots of water ?
>>
>> Steve
>
>Steve, my lemongrass gets shade in the morning but sun in the
>afternoon. It gets about 4' tall.
>
Is that *real* shade (like a shadow of the house or tree) or just not
in direct sun?

--
I love cooking with wine.
Sometimes I even put it in the food.

On Jul 12, 5:11*pm, "Phil..c" <invalid@invalid> wrote:

> Here is a snippet about growing in South Australia
> Which has a semi Mediterranean climate and can be very cold in Winter

Which to a Canadian translates as a cool summer day.

John Kane, Kingston ON Canada
Who is waiting for a warm summer's day. We have not hit 26 yet this
year.

sf wrote:
> On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 11:18:25 -0500, Becca > wrote:
>
>
>> Steve Y wrote:
>>
>>> I have tried growing lemongrass in pots here in France for 3 years and
>>> can't say it has been a great success. If you plant it outside, does
>>> it need sun ? shade ? Lots of water ?
>>>
>>> Steve
>>>
>> Steve, my lemongrass gets shade in the morning but sun in the
>> afternoon. It gets about 4' tall.
>>
>>
> Is that *real* shade (like a shadow of the house or tree) or just not
> in direct sun?

It gets full shade in the morning, but direct sun in the afternoon.


Becca

Will transplant my lemongrass out to the potager tomorrow. Should get
sun from late morning through till evening as it's S/SW facing. Only
worry is the height, we are at 550m and tend to be cooler than most of
the Lyon area.

Steve

Becca wrote:
> sf wrote:
>> On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 11:18:25 -0500, Becca > wrote:
>>
>>
>>> Steve Y wrote:
>>>
>>>> I have tried growing lemongrass in pots here in France for 3 years
>>>> and can't say it has been a great success. If you plant it
>>>> outside, does it need sun ? shade ? Lots of water ?
>>>>
>>>> Steve
>>> Steve, my lemongrass gets shade in the morning but sun in the
>>> afternoon. It gets about 4' tall.
>>>
>>>
>> Is that *real* shade (like a shadow of the house or tree) or just not
>> in direct sun?
>
> It gets full shade in the morning, but direct sun in the afternoon.
>
>
> Becca

On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 16:09:44 +0000 (UTC), Peter >
wrote:

>koko > wrote in news:2jel559lc71jk78s4j8dp1kgpmihtb3515@
>4ax.com:
>
>
>>>>>Damn!! Looks good. (The food, as well as the pics, as usual!!)
>>>> Thanks PeterL I appreciate that.
>>>
>>>
>>>What sort of camera are you using?
>> Nikon D90
>>>
>
>
>
>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVQX1rC-fRA
>
>
>
>When my ****y litle Panasonic DMC-TZ1 blows up....... it wants to be a D90.
>
>
>That's some serious good shit pikcher device you have there!!

I'm enjoying it very much and am still working hard at learning the
camera and photo techniques. So far I'm a slow study ;-)

koko
--

There is no love more sincere than the love of food
George Bernard Shaw
www.kokoscorner.typepad.com
updated 07/05

John Kane wrote:
>
> On Jul 12, 5:11 pm, "Phil..c" <invalid@invalid> wrote:
>
> > Here is a snippet about growing in South Australia
> > Which has a semi Mediterranean climate and can be very cold in Winter
>
> Which to a Canadian translates as a cool summer day.
>
> John Kane, Kingston ON Canada
> Who is waiting for a warm summer's day. We have not hit 26 yet this
> year.

Come down here to the desert SW. We hit 38 here the other day. Not
official though cos the weather station is at the airport and we are
not.

Steve Y wrote:
> Will transplant my lemongrass out to the potager tomorrow. Should get
> sun from late morning through till evening as it's S/SW facing. Only
> worry is the height, we are at 550m and tend to be cooler than most of
> the Lyon area.
>
> Steve

Best of luck with your lemongrass.


Becca

Becca wrote:
> Steve Y wrote:
>> Will transplant my lemongrass out to the potager tomorrow. Should get
>> sun from late morning through till evening as it's S/SW facing. Only
>> worry is the height, we are at 550m and tend to be cooler than most of
>> the Lyon area.
>>
>> Steve
>
> Best of luck with your lemongrass.
>
>
> Becca

To Steve Y

Now being aware of your location and Temp
Perhaps
plant in a BIG BLACK pot and in full sun

You may also try a sort of greenhouse effect
with a thick clear plastic bag rigged up on an old wire coat hanger
stuck in the pot and plastic over that . Sort of giving the plant a mini
micro climate
If it gets too cold bring it indoors
you may also like to add some tin foil as a reflector about the base of
the pot or if a bit of old mirror or glass sit pot on that ?


It is worth the effort as FRESH lemmon grass in stews curries soups etc
is a grand taste .

Good luck with it

Thanks for the ideas but the plant is already planted out in the veggie
patch, will see what happens

I did bring one inside over winter one year, it survived but only just.

Steve
(NW of Lyon in France)



Phil..c wrote:
>
> If it gets too cold bring it indoors
> you may also like to add some tin foil as a reflector about the base of
> the pot or if a bit of old mirror or glass sit pot on that ?

Steve Y wrote:
> Thanks for the ideas but the plant is already planted out in the veggie
> patch, will see what happens
>
> I did bring one inside over winter one year, it survived but only just.
>
> Steve
> (NW of Lyon in France)
>
>
>
> Phil..c wrote:
>>
>> If it gets too cold bring it indoors
>> you may also like to add some tin foil as a reflector about the base
>> of the pot or if a bit of old mirror or glass sit pot on that ?

Ok Steve happy 14 Juille any way

On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 16:42:55 -0700, koko wrote:

> On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 16:09:44 +0000 (UTC), Peter >
> wrote:
>
>>
>>
>>When my ****y litle Panasonic DMC-TZ1 blows up....... it wants to be a D90.
>>
>>
>>That's some serious good shit pikcher device you have there!!
>
> I'm enjoying it very much and am still working hard at learning the
> camera and photo techniques. So far I'm a slow study ;-)
>
> koko

if that's what you're using for your food pics, i'd say you were a very
good student, slow or not.

your pal,
blake

Steve Y wrote:
> Thanks for the ideas but the plant is already planted out in the
> veggie patch, will see what happens
>
> I did bring one inside over winter one year, it survived but only just.
>
> Steve
> (NW of Lyon in France)

My lemongrass froze this year, that is the first time this has
happened. It grew back, nice and healthy.


Becca

On Tue, 14 Jul 2009 12:11:21 -0400, blake murphy
> wrote:

>On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 16:42:55 -0700, koko wrote:
>
>> On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 16:09:44 +0000 (UTC), Peter >
>> wrote:
>>
>>>
>>>
>>>When my ****y litle Panasonic DMC-TZ1 blows up....... it wants to be a D90.
>>>
>>>
>>>That's some serious good shit pikcher device you have there!!
>>
>> I'm enjoying it very much and am still working hard at learning the
>> camera and photo techniques. So far I'm a slow study ;-)
>>
>> koko
>
>if that's what you're using for your food pics, i'd say you were a very
>good student, slow or not.
>
>your pal,
>blake

You are most kind. Thank you.

koko
--

There is no love more sincere than the love of food
George Bernard Shaw
www.kokoscorner.typepad.com
updated 07/05

On Tue, 14 Jul 2009 16:41:27 -0700, koko wrote:

> On Tue, 14 Jul 2009 12:11:21 -0400, blake murphy
> > wrote:
>
>>On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 16:42:55 -0700, koko wrote:
>>
>>> On Mon, 13 Jul 2009 16:09:44 +0000 (UTC), Peter >
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>When my ****y litle Panasonic DMC-TZ1 blows up....... it wants to be a D90.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>That's some serious good shit pikcher device you have there!!
>>>
>>> I'm enjoying it very much and am still working hard at learning the
>>> camera and photo techniques. So far I'm a slow study ;-)
>>>
>>> koko
>>
>>if that's what you're using for your food pics, i'd say you were a very
>>good student, slow or not.
>>
>>your pal,
>>blake
>
> You are most kind. Thank you.
>
> koko

just the facts, ma'am.

your pal,
blaek