Gluten
 

One of my earliest memories as a young child (early 1950s
in Los Angeles) was the taste of the gluten "steaks" that were
made by an old gentleman at the church we attended. As I
recall, he was a rather famous caterer to Hollywood
productions back in his day.

Assuming that the basics are pretty standardized, so whatever
"secrets" were in the seasoning, sauces, etc?

"Richard Crowley" > wrote in message
...
> One of my earliest memories as a young child (early 1950s
> in Los Angeles) was the taste of the gluten "steaks" that were
> made by an old gentleman at the church we attended....
>
> Assuming that the basics are pretty standardized, so whatever
> "secrets" were in the seasoning, sauces, etc?

I'm eating a Now & Zen "Un Steak-Out" right now and the main ingredients are
gluten, mushrooms, and soy sauce. It's delicious.

http://www.nowandzen.net/home.html

On steaks, people usually use worchestire (I don't know if it is vegan
though), but soy sauce is also a good base to start from.

"rmg" > wrote ...
> "Richard Crowley" > wrote
> > One of my earliest memories as a young child (early 1950s
> > in Los Angeles) was the taste of the gluten "steaks" that were
> > made by an old gentleman at the church we attended....
> >
> > Assuming that the basics are pretty standardized, so whatever
> > "secrets" were in the seasoning, sauces, etc?
>
> I'm eating a Now & Zen "Un Steak-Out" right now and the main ingredients are
> gluten, mushrooms, and soy sauce. It's delicious.

A friend of mine advised me to use Wheat gluten available
in the baking section of the grocery for making soft bread . I am unable to find
it . Can someone advise me the exact name / brand name to enable me to
buy . Somehow my bread doesn't fully rise despite doubling the dough
with yeast . Please advise how to make a good bread .

Aniil

<mod edits>
> A friend of mine advised me to use Wheat gluten ...
> I am unable to find it . Can someone advise me the exact name
> / brand name to enable me to buy . Somehow my bread doesn't fully
> rise despite doubling the dough with yeast . Please advise how to
> make a good bread


You might have to go to a health food store. I buy it in bulk there.
Danielle

<mod edits>
> A friend of mine advised me to use Wheat gluten ...
> I am unable to find it . Can someone advise me the exact name
> / brand name to enable me to buy . Somehow my bread doesn't fully
> rise despite doubling the dough with yeast . Please advise how to
> make a good bread


You might have to go to a health food store. I buy it in bulk there.
Danielle

it is known as "Vital Wheat Gluten" the one I have used is maid by
Arrowhead Millls


> wrote in message
m...
> A friend of mine advised me to use Wheat gluten available
> in the baking section of the grocery for making soft bread . I am unable
to find
> it . Can someone advise me the exact name / brand name to enable me to
> buy . Somehow my bread doesn't fully rise despite doubling the dough
> with yeast . Please advise how to make a good bread .
>
> Aniil

[ first-time poster, so excessive quoting trimmed by moderator - Gedge ]

it is known as "Vital Wheat Gluten" the one I have used is maid by
Arrowhead Millls


> wrote in message
m...
> A friend of mine advised me to use Wheat gluten available
> in the baking section of the grocery for making soft bread . I am unable
to find
> it . Can someone advise me the exact name / brand name to enable me to
> buy . Somehow my bread doesn't fully rise despite doubling the dough
> with yeast . Please advise how to make a good bread .
>
> Aniil

[ first-time poster, so excessive quoting trimmed by moderator - Gedge ]

Unbeef or Unchicken gluten/ seitan steaks

You can buy pre-made seitan in flavors at some natural foods stores;
however, for convenience and economy just make your own. It's relatively
simple (don't let the spices and herbs fool you) and the finished steaks
freeze very well for future use.

Unbeefy steaks

Brown boiling broth
1/3 cup soy sauce
2 T vinegar
1/3 cup maple syrup, unrefined brown sugar or molasses
1/4 tsp asfoetida (the Buddhist substitute for 2 c onion and 2 cloves
garlic)
2 cups chopped celery leaves, or mixed celery, parsley, cabbage and beet
8 cups water
1 tbsp dried sage
1 tsp cayenne pepper or dried ginger
2 inch piece of kombu

Basic gluten mixture

1 cup water or a drop more (non-vegans can use milk for better protein
combining)
1 tsp tamari or soy sauce
2-3 tbsp lentil, chickpea or other bean flour or flaxseed or sesame seed
meal (No bean flour? You can soak the water and a few tablespoons dried
beans, let it sit overnight and whiz it in the blender)
2 tbsp nutritional yeast
1/2 tbsp dried mushroom powder, or to taste
1 cup vital gluten flour

Preparation

Combine broth ingredients in a very large soup pot. The seitan is going to
expand - x2 or 3- when cooking so you'll want lots of room for it. Bring the
broth to a rolling boil, cover and simmer at an easy boil.

While broth is heating, make the gluten mixture. Place the water in a bowl
and sprinkle the vital gluten flour over it. With a fork or with your hands,
quickly mix the two together until it forms a very rubbery mass. Knead it
for 1 or 2 minutes, then break it into 3 or 4 chunks. Squeeze each chunk
over the sink to get out excess water, then set aside. When most of the
excess water has been squeezed out, knead and press the chunks back
together.
Form it into a log-shape, about five or six inches long and two or three
inches across. Slice this into 10-12 pieces, and press and flatten each
piece to about 1/4 inch thick. May be cooked right away, but for best
texture, let rest about 35 minutes.

Drop these "steaks" into the boiling broth one at a time, stir, cover and
reduce the heat to medium-low.
Simmer small pieces covered for about 35 minutes, stirring at the beginning
to prevent sticking to the bottom, then stirring occasionally. A large
single piece might make 2- 3 hours. If you take the lid off and all these
huge things pop up at you...it's supposed to do that.

When they are finished cooking, drain. Reserve broth to cook additional
cutlets. Save and refrigerate (10 days)or freeze (3 months)the broth for
future gravies or the next batch of steaks.

You can now use the seitan "steaks" in any recipe you like, or you can let
them cool and freeze them for future use. To freeze them, wrap each steak
first in waxed paper, then in plastic freezer bags.

Unchicken seitan

Follow the procedure as above, but omit mushroom powder and tamari and
substitute these ingredients for the broth instead:

Golden unchicken simmering broth

8 cups water
4 tbsp nutritional yeast flakes
1 tsp sea salt or vegetarian chicken broth cubes
1 tsp celery seed
1 tsp sage
1/2 tsp thyme
1/2 tsp ground cumin
1/4 tsp coriander powder
1/4 tsp tarragon
1/4 tsp rosemary
1 tsp tumeric
2 tbsp sesame or vegetable oil

Improving Gluten Texture

Hints for a firmer texture more like chicken breast if you make the gluten
from scratch, do the last mixing wash in cold water, you have to really
knead it/ stretch it (once you have reformed the logs) into layers and fold,
knead, stretch and fold, until it is dryer and firm. If it gets resistant,
you just let it rest till the gluten relaxes, about 10-30 minutes, then
continue. Have you ever made filo dough or puff pastry? It is the same sort
of process.
start the cutlets cooking in cold, not hot/warm broth (preboil and cool the
broth). Time from when it begins to simmer.

Cook at a low simmer, not a boil to avoid puffing it so much.
sauteing the cutlets in vegetable oil BEFORE you simmer them gives a
tighter, firmer texture.
baking the cutlets in a breading AFTER they are simmered, also gives a drier
texture, but it doesn't tighten the grain as much as the sauteing before.
try using half soymilk, half water for the liquid. Add a little oil as part
of the mixing liquid include up to a couple of tablespoons whole wheat,
millet, or teff flour, or glutinous/sticky rice flour in each cup of the
vital wheat gluten.

Alternative cooking methods

Cooking gluten steaks covered in the broth in a crockpot on high for about
six hours, covered in broth in the oven at 325 for about 4 hours, or
steaming for about an hour for very thin pieces is good too.
If you boil the fury out of the cooking gluten, it will go toward a tougher,
rubbery texture. This is undesirable in your unchicken or cutlets, but can
be desirable for a chunk you are going to turn into future ground unbeef.
For oven simmering, place the cutlets or steaks in a single layer in a
roasting pan with a cover large enough to allow the cutlets to rise double
in size. Preheat the oven to 350 F. Prepare enough cooking broth to
completely cover the cutlets, , and pour the hot broth over the gluten
cutlets, and bake uncovered for 1/2 hour. Prick them all over with a fork,
and turn over. Lower the heat to 300 F, cover, and bake for 1 more hour,
turning once or twice after the first half hour.
Enjoy:
Chef R. W. Miller
Marriott Resorts & Hotels

"Richard Crowley" > wrote in message
...
> One of my earliest memories as a young child (early 1950s
> in Los Angeles) was the taste of the gluten "steaks" that were
> made by an old gentleman at the church we attended. As I
> recall, he was a rather famous caterer to Hollywood
> productions back in his day.
>
> Assuming that the basics are pretty standardized, so whatever
> "secrets" were in the seasoning, sauces, etc?
>

Unbeef or Unchicken gluten/ seitan steaks

You can buy pre-made seitan in flavors at some natural foods stores;
however, for convenience and economy just make your own. It's relatively
simple (don't let the spices and herbs fool you) and the finished steaks
freeze very well for future use.

Unbeefy steaks

Brown boiling broth
1/3 cup soy sauce
2 T vinegar
1/3 cup maple syrup, unrefined brown sugar or molasses
1/4 tsp asfoetida (the Buddhist substitute for 2 c onion and 2 cloves
garlic)
2 cups chopped celery leaves, or mixed celery, parsley, cabbage and beet
8 cups water
1 tbsp dried sage
1 tsp cayenne pepper or dried ginger
2 inch piece of kombu

Basic gluten mixture

1 cup water or a drop more (non-vegans can use milk for better protein
combining)
1 tsp tamari or soy sauce
2-3 tbsp lentil, chickpea or other bean flour or flaxseed or sesame seed
meal (No bean flour? You can soak the water and a few tablespoons dried
beans, let it sit overnight and whiz it in the blender)
2 tbsp nutritional yeast
1/2 tbsp dried mushroom powder, or to taste
1 cup vital gluten flour

Preparation

Combine broth ingredients in a very large soup pot. The seitan is going to
expand - x2 or 3- when cooking so you'll want lots of room for it. Bring the
broth to a rolling boil, cover and simmer at an easy boil.

While broth is heating, make the gluten mixture. Place the water in a bowl
and sprinkle the vital gluten flour over it. With a fork or with your hands,
quickly mix the two together until it forms a very rubbery mass. Knead it
for 1 or 2 minutes, then break it into 3 or 4 chunks. Squeeze each chunk
over the sink to get out excess water, then set aside. When most of the
excess water has been squeezed out, knead and press the chunks back
together.
Form it into a log-shape, about five or six inches long and two or three
inches across. Slice this into 10-12 pieces, and press and flatten each
piece to about 1/4 inch thick. May be cooked right away, but for best
texture, let rest about 35 minutes.

Drop these "steaks" into the boiling broth one at a time, stir, cover and
reduce the heat to medium-low.
Simmer small pieces covered for about 35 minutes, stirring at the beginning
to prevent sticking to the bottom, then stirring occasionally. A large
single piece might make 2- 3 hours. If you take the lid off and all these
huge things pop up at you...it's supposed to do that.

When they are finished cooking, drain. Reserve broth to cook additional
cutlets. Save and refrigerate (10 days)or freeze (3 months)the broth for
future gravies or the next batch of steaks.

You can now use the seitan "steaks" in any recipe you like, or you can let
them cool and freeze them for future use. To freeze them, wrap each steak
first in waxed paper, then in plastic freezer bags.

Unchicken seitan

Follow the procedure as above, but omit mushroom powder and tamari and
substitute these ingredients for the broth instead:

Golden unchicken simmering broth

8 cups water
4 tbsp nutritional yeast flakes
1 tsp sea salt or vegetarian chicken broth cubes
1 tsp celery seed
1 tsp sage
1/2 tsp thyme
1/2 tsp ground cumin
1/4 tsp coriander powder
1/4 tsp tarragon
1/4 tsp rosemary
1 tsp tumeric
2 tbsp sesame or vegetable oil

Improving Gluten Texture

Hints for a firmer texture more like chicken breast if you make the gluten
from scratch, do the last mixing wash in cold water, you have to really
knead it/ stretch it (once you have reformed the logs) into layers and fold,
knead, stretch and fold, until it is dryer and firm. If it gets resistant,
you just let it rest till the gluten relaxes, about 10-30 minutes, then
continue. Have you ever made filo dough or puff pastry? It is the same sort
of process.
start the cutlets cooking in cold, not hot/warm broth (preboil and cool the
broth). Time from when it begins to simmer.

Cook at a low simmer, not a boil to avoid puffing it so much.
sauteing the cutlets in vegetable oil BEFORE you simmer them gives a
tighter, firmer texture.
baking the cutlets in a breading AFTER they are simmered, also gives a drier
texture, but it doesn't tighten the grain as much as the sauteing before.
try using half soymilk, half water for the liquid. Add a little oil as part
of the mixing liquid include up to a couple of tablespoons whole wheat,
millet, or teff flour, or glutinous/sticky rice flour in each cup of the
vital wheat gluten.

Alternative cooking methods

Cooking gluten steaks covered in the broth in a crockpot on high for about
six hours, covered in broth in the oven at 325 for about 4 hours, or
steaming for about an hour for very thin pieces is good too.
If you boil the fury out of the cooking gluten, it will go toward a tougher,
rubbery texture. This is undesirable in your unchicken or cutlets, but can
be desirable for a chunk you are going to turn into future ground unbeef.
For oven simmering, place the cutlets or steaks in a single layer in a
roasting pan with a cover large enough to allow the cutlets to rise double
in size. Preheat the oven to 350 F. Prepare enough cooking broth to
completely cover the cutlets, , and pour the hot broth over the gluten
cutlets, and bake uncovered for 1/2 hour. Prick them all over with a fork,
and turn over. Lower the heat to 300 F, cover, and bake for 1 more hour,
turning once or twice after the first half hour.
Enjoy:
Chef R. W. Miller
Marriott Resorts & Hotels

"Richard Crowley" > wrote in message
...
> One of my earliest memories as a young child (early 1950s
> in Los Angeles) was the taste of the gluten "steaks" that were
> made by an old gentleman at the church we attended. As I
> recall, he was a rather famous caterer to Hollywood
> productions back in his day.
>
> Assuming that the basics are pretty standardized, so whatever
> "secrets" were in the seasoning, sauces, etc?
>